(f) *Fußball die Kinder spielten vor der Schule im Park. (e) *Vor der Schule Fußball spielten die Kinder im Park.īefore school soccer played the children in the park In the park played the children before school soccer. (d) Im Park spielten die Kinder vor der Schule Fußball.
(c) Vor der Schule spielten die Kinder im Park Fußball.īefore school played the children in the park soccer. Soccer played the children before school in the park (b) Fußball spielten die Kinder vor der Schule im Park.
The children played before school in the park Soccer (1) (a) Die Kinder spielten vor der Schule im Park Fußball. (An asterisk (*) indicates that an example is grammatically unacceptable.) Sentences (1e) and (1f) are ungrammatical because the finite verb no longer appears in the second position. Sentences (1a) through to (1d) have the finite verb spielten 'played' in second position, with various constituents occupying the first position: in (1a) the subject is in first position in (1b) the object is in (1c) the temporal modifier is in first position and in (1d) the locative modifier is in first position. The example sentences in (1) from German illustrate the V2 principle, which allows any constituent to occupy the first position as long as the second position is occupied by the finite verb.
10.2 Structural analysis in generative grammar. 10.1 Structural analysis in dependency grammar. 7.3.5 Declarative clauses without inversion. 7.3.3 With topic adverbs and adverbial phrases. 7.3.1 Classes of verbs in Modern English: auxiliary and lexical. 5 V2 and Left Edge Filling Trigger (LEFT). 3.2.1 V2 in Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Faroese. 3 Non-finite verbs and embedded clauses. 2 Classical accounts of verb second (V2). Kashmiri (an Indo-Aryan language) has V2 in 'declarative content clauses' but VF order in relative clauses. In particular, German, Dutch, and Afrikaans revert to VF (verb final) word order after a complementizer Yiddish and Icelandic do, however, allow V2 in all declarative clauses: main, embedded, and subordinate. Most Germanic languages do not normally use V2 order in embedded clauses, with a few exceptions. Of the Germanic family, English is exceptional in having predominantly SVO order instead of V2, although there are vestiges of the V2 phenomenon. V2 word order is common in the Germanic languages and is also found in Northeast Caucasian Ingush, Uto-Aztecan O'odham, and fragmentarily in Romance Sursilvan (a Rhaeto-Romansh variety) and Finno-Ugric Estonian. In syntax, verb-second (V2) word order places the finite verb of a clause or sentence in second position with a single constituent preceding it, which functions as the clause topic.
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